Research shows … structural barriers stopped many people who were not white from buying property and building wealth for most of the last century. … Racial covenants dovetailed with redlining and predatory practices to depress homeownership rates for African Americans. Contemporary white residents like to think their city never had formal segregation. But racial covenants did the work of Jim Crow
In Chicago, 70% of deaths were black residents. Historically, Chicago’s black communities have been disproportionately affected by health-related issues including poverty, environmental pollution, and limited medical care…
Incarceration has had a devastating impact on low-income African-American neighborhoods.
Starting with the identification of “million-dollar blocks” in the early 2000s, researchers have been identifying “hot spots” for mass incarceration. From this analysis, an emerging consensus has developed: incarceration has had a devastating impact on low-income African-American neighborhoods. Meanwhile, more affluent and white areas have gone largely unscathed.
